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Cooling Methods
Over the decades, various cooling methods have been introduced, with each one having its own advantages and disadvantages.
Active Air Cooling
Active air cooling components consist of a fan and a cooling plate (heat sink) made of aluminum or copper. A fan blows fresh air on a heat sink placed over the components that need to be cooled. The heat sink’s fins increase the surface of the metal plate and increase the heat exchange capabilities of the component. The fan blows the air between those fins, making the heat exchange quicker and more efficient, as it rapidly removes the heated air that is produced between the fins. There is only one drawback to active air cooling: the component that generates heat can never be cooled below the ambient room temperature. This is because active cooling uses forced air from the room, and the room air cannot cool a component to a lower temperature than the ambient temperature. These components are very reliable, and the cost of this system is quite affordable
Passive Air Cooling
Similar to the active air cooling method, passive air cooling uses a heat sink to create a larger cooling surface of a component. The difference lies in the size of the heat sink, though, since passive air cooling relies solely on the size of the fins to reduce the heat. These fins must be large enough and must also have enough space between them so that a natural flow of air can be achieved that will adequately remove the heat. These heat sinks can become quite heavy and require special parts to be fixed over the part to be cooled. Passive air cooling is the most efficient way of cooling in terms of power saving, since it uses no power to operate. The drawback to this method is weight, since heavy and large heat sinks must be fixed over small parts, increasing the total weight of a computer and reducing the usable area inside the case. Additionally, this method doesn’t work well when the ambient temperature is high, because high ambient temperature causes the passive air cooling to become ineffective.
幾十年來,已經引入了各種冷卻方法,每種方法都有其自身的優點和缺點。
主動風冷
主動空氣冷卻組件由風扇和鋁或銅製成的冷卻板(散熱器)組成。風扇將新鮮空氣吹到放置在需要冷卻的組件上方的散熱器上。散熱器的散熱片增加了金屬板的表面,並增加了組件的熱交換能力。風扇在這些散熱片之間吹動空氣,從而使熱交換更快,更有效,因為它可以快速去除散熱片之間產生的熱空氣。主動空氣冷卻只有一個缺點:產生熱量的組件永遠無法冷卻到室溫以下。這是因為主動冷卻使用來自房間的強制空氣,並且房間空氣無法將組件冷卻到比環境溫度低的溫度。這些組件非常可靠,
被動風冷
類似於主動空氣冷卻方法,被動空氣冷卻使用散熱器來創建組件的較大冷卻表面。不過,區別在於散熱器的大小,因為被動空氣冷卻僅依賴散熱片的大小來減少熱量。這些散熱片必須足夠大,並且它們之間還必須具有足夠的空間,以便可以實現自然的空氣流動,從而充分散熱。這些散熱器會變得很重,需要將特殊零件固定在要冷卻的零件上。就省電而言,被動式空氣冷卻是最有效的冷卻方式,因為它不使用任何電源進行操作。這種方法的缺點是重量大,因為必須將重型散熱器和大型散熱器固定在小零件上,從而增加了計算機的總重量並減小了機箱內部的可用面積。
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